IMIBHALO

Ibhukwana Lokuhlanganisa Umfundi we-RFID

Imibhalo ebanzi ehlanganisa ukusetha ukuxhumana kwe-serial, ukucushwa kwe-antenna, imisebenzi yokufaka amakhodi yethagi (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C), kanye nokuphathwa kwamandla. Kuhlanganisa izibonelo zokuthunyelwa kwama-antenna amaningi nokuskena kwempahla ngesivinini esikhulu.

Reader bring-up
NRN
Serial115200 8N1
ProtocolCRC16-CCITT
RF power0-33 dBm
Inventory700 tags/s
5APCWCATMIDLENDATACRC16

Ukusetha Ukuxhumana kwe-Serial

Abafundi be-Nextwaves NRN protocol RFID baxhumana ngembobo ye-serial (RS-232 noma i-USB-to-Serial). Amapharamitha okuxhumeka kumele alungiswe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwedatha okuzinzile.

Ukuze uthole ukuxhumeka kwe-API ye-WebSerial esekelwe kusiphequluli, sebenzisa i-Nextwaves Reader Connect ku-app.nextwaves.com/reader. Uhlelo lokusebenza luzitholela ngokuzenzakalela izimbobo ze-COM futhi lulungiselele amapharamitha okuxhumeka.

Baud rate115200
Data bits8
Stop bits1
ParityNone
TypeScript - WebSerial Connection
// Request serial port access
const port = await navigator.serial.requestPort();
await port.open({
  baudRate: 115200,
  dataBits: 8,
  stopBits: 1,
  parity: "none",
  flowControl: "none",
  bufferSize: 4096,
});

// Get reader/writer streams
const reader = port.readable.getReader();
const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
Python - PySerial Connection
import serial

port = serial.Serial(
    port="/dev/ttyUSB0",      # Linux/macOS
    # port="COM3",            # Windows
    baudrate=115200,
    bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,
    stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
    parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
    timeout=2.0,
)

# Flush buffers before communication
port.reset_input_buffer()
port.reset_output_buffer()

Isakhiwo Sohlaka Lwephrothokholi ye-Nextwaves NRN

Umyalo ngamunye wephrothokholi ye-NRN ufakwe ohlakeni lwe-binary oluqukethe: Isihloko (0x5A), i-PCW (Protocol Control Word), Isigaba, i-MID (Message ID), Ubude, idatha ye-payload, kanye ne-CRC16-CCITT checksum.

InsimuUsayiziIncazelo
Header
1 byte
Njalo 0x5A. uphawu lokuqala-lwe-frame
PCW
2 bytes
Amafulegi e-Protocol (inguqulo, ikheli)
Category
1 byte
Isigaba somyalo (0x00=System, 0x01=Device, 0x02=RFID)
MID
1 byte
I-ID yomlayezo ngaphakathi kwesigaba
Length
2 bytes
Ubude be-Payload ngama-bytes (big-endian)
Data
N bytes
Umthwalo othile womyalo
CRC16
2 bytes
I-CRC16-CCITT checksum yama-byte ngemva kwekhanda

Izibonelo Zomyalo

QUERY_INFO - Query reader serial number and firmware
TX -> 5A 00 01 01 00 00 00 DC E5
       +----+ +------+ +----+ +----+ +------+ +------+
       | 5A | | 0001 | | 01 | | 00 | | 0000 | | DCE5 |
       +----+ +------+ +----+ +----+ +------+ +------+
        HDR     PCW    CAT   MID    LEN     CRC16
READ_EPC_TAG - Start continuous EPC tag inventory
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 10 00 00 04 5A
       HDR  PCW   CAT MID LEN   CRC16

Response notifications (PID 0x1231) contain:
  - Antenna ID (1 byte)
  - RSSI value (1 byte, raw ADC 0-255)
  - EPC data (12+ bytes)
  - Frequency channel index (1 byte)
STOP_INVENTORY - Stop running inventory scan
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 FF 00 00 88 5A
       HDR  PCW   CAT MID LEN   CRC16

Isithenjwa Somyalo Oyinhloko

UmyaloIkhodiIncazelo
QUERY_INFO
0x0100
Buza inombolo ye-serial yomfundi kanye nezinguqulo ze-firmware
QUERY_RFID_ABILITY
0x1000
Buza amakhono e-RFID (ububanzi bamandla, ukubala kwe-antenna)
READ_EPC_TAG
0x0210
Qala uhlu lwethegi le-EPC eliqhubekayo
WRITE_EPC_TAG
0x0211
Bhala idatha ebhange le-EPC lethegi
STOP_INVENTORY
0x02FF
Misa uhlu lwethegi oluqhubekayo
CONFIGURE_READER_POWER
0x0201
Setha amandla okudlulisa (0-33 dBm nge-antenna ngayinye)
CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE
0x0203
Nika amandla/khubaza amachweba e-antenna (i-bitmask)
SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY
0x0205
Setha amafrikhwensi athile okusebenza
SET_FILTER_SETTINGS
0x0209
Lungiselela isihlungi sokuphindaphinda sethegi (okusekelwe esikhathini)
BUZZER_SWITCH
0x011E
Lawula imodi ye-buzzer

Ukucushwa kwe-Antenna

Abafundi be-RFID basekela kuze kufike emachwebeni e-antenna angama-32. Ichweba ngalinye linikwe amandla noma livaliwe nge-bitmask engama-4-byte. Ama-Antenna anezinombolo eziyi-1 kuya kuma-32, ngebhithi ngalinye elihambisana nechweba.

I-Antenna Bitmask

Nika amandla izimpondo 1-40F 00 00 00Binary 00001111 - ports 1, 2, 3, 4 on
Nika amandla izimpondo 1 & 3 Kuphela05 00 00 00Binary 00000101 - ports 1 and 3 on
CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE - Enable ports 1-4
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 03 00 04 0F 00 00 00 E1 EF
                              +-----------+
       Payload:               |0F 00 00 00| <- bitmask
                              +-----------+
       Bit 0 = ANT1, Bit 1 = ANT2, Bit 2 = ANT3, Bit 3 = ANT4
       0x0F = 0b00001111 -> all 4 ports enabled

Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-Multi-Antenna

Uma usebenzisa ama-antenna amaningi, cabangela i-polarization (linear vs. circular), isikhala phakathi kwama-antenna, kanye nezindawo zokumboza eziqondana. Umfundi uskena ngokulandelana kuma-antenna anikwe amandla, futhi umbiko ngamunye wethagi uqukethe i-ID ye-antenna yokuthola indawo.

Portal

Umnyango Wokumisa

2-4 izimpondo ngomnyango ngamunye, ukuhlukaniswa okuyindilinga, amandla angu-30 dBm

Station

I-Conveyor Belt

1-2 izimpondo ngesiteshi ngasinye, ukuhlukaniswa okulayini, 20-25 dBm

Shelf

Ishalofu Lokuthengisa

Ama-antenna aseduze nenkambu, amandla aphansi 15-20 dBm, ukuminyana okuphezulu

Ukufaka amakhodi e-Tag (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C)

I-UHF RFID ilandela izinga le-EPC Gen2 (ISO 18000-6C). I-tag ngayinye inamabhange ememori ama-4: Agodliwe (amaphasiwedi), i-EPC (isihlonzi esingu-96+ bit), i-TID (i-ID ye-chip engaguquki), kanye noMsebenzisi (idatha yangokwezifiso).

Isakhiwo Sememori ye-Tag

IbhangeI-IDUsayizi OjwayelekileUkusetshenziswa
Reserved
00
64 bits
Iphasiwedi yokubulala (32b) + Iphasiwedi yokufinyelela (32b)
EPC
01
96-128 bits
SGTIN-96, SSCC-96, noma ukufaka ikhodi okwenzelwe wena
TID
10
96+ bits
I-ID yomkhiqizi we-chip (efundwa kuphela, eyingqayizivele)
User
11
0-512 bits
Idatha ethile yesicelo (encike ku-chip)

Isibonelo Sokuhumusha i-SGTIN-96

I-SGTIN-96 iyindlela ejwayelekile yokufaka amakhodi emikhiqizweni yokuthengisa kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Guqula i-EPC ye-hex yezinhlamvu ezingama-24 ibe yi-GTIN-14, inombolo ye-serial, kanye ne-GS1 Digital Link.

SGTIN-96 Decode - Example
EPC Hex: 3034257BF7194E4000001A85

Decoded:
  Header:         0x30 (SGTIN-96)
  Filter:         1 (Point-of-Sale)
  Partition:      5
  Company Prefix: 0614141
  Item Reference: 812345
  Serial:         6789
  GTIN-14:        80614141123458
  Digital Link:   https://id.gs1.org/01/80614141123458/21/6789
WRITE_EPC_TAG - Write EPC data to tag
// NRN protocol WRITE_EPC_TAG command
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 11 00 0C [EPC_DATA_12_BYTES] [CRC16]

// The reader will:
// 1. Select the tag in its field
// 2. Write the provided EPC data to Bank 01
// 3. Return success/failure notification

// Access password required if tag is locked:
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 11 00 10 [ACCESS_PWD_4B] [EPC_DATA_12B] [CRC16]

Sebenzisa ithuluzi le-EPC Encoder eliku-inthanethi ku- /tools/tds-rfid-converter ukufaka amakhodi nokukhipha amakhodi e-SGTIN-96, SSCC-96, GRAI-96 ngokuqondile kusiphequluli sakho.

Ukuphathwa Kwamandla

Amandla okudlulisa umfundi alungiseka ukusuka ku-0 kuya ku-33 dBm ngembobo ye-antenna. Amandla aphezulu andisa ububanzi bokufunda kodwa futhi andisa ukuphazamiseka nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

CONFIGURE_READER_POWER - Set 30 dBm on all 4 ports
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 01 00 04 1E 1E 1E 1E 67 FE
                              +-----------+
       Payload:               |1E 1E 1E 1E|
                              +-----------+
       0x1E = 30 decimal = 30 dBm per port

Power guidelines:
  - 33 dBm - Maximum range (~10m), dock doors
  - 30 dBm - Standard range (~6-8m), general use
  - 25 dBm - Medium range (~3-5m), conveyor belts
  - 20 dBm - Short range (~1-2m), point-of-sale
  - 15 dBm - Near-field (~0.5m), shelf readers

Ukuqapha i-RSSI

Amanani e-RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) avela kumathagi abikwa njengama-byte e-ADC aluhlaza (0-255). Sebenzisa ifomula yokuguqula ukuze uthole amanani e-dBm aqondile.

Ifomula YokuguquladBm = -100 + round((raw x 70) / 255)
Raw 128 - Kuhle-65 dBm
Raw 180 - Kuqinile-51 dBm
Raw 220 - Kuhle kakhulu-40 dBm

Ukuskena Kwezimpahla Ngesivinini Esiphezulu

Ukuze kutholwe ukuskena kwempahla ngesivinini esiphezulu, lungisa ama-frequency asebenzayo, isihlungi samathegi esiphindwe kabili, kanye nemodi yokuskena eqhubekayo. Abafundi basekela kufika kumathagi angu-700/ngomzuzwana ngokucushwa okuhle.

Ukucushwa Kwe-Frequency

I-UHF RFID isebenza ebangeni le-920-925 MHz (Southeast Asia), enesikhala sesiteshi esingu-0.5 MHz. Iziteshi zinombolo kusuka ku-0 (920 MHz) kuya ku-10 (925 MHz).

SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY - 6 channels (920-925 MHz)
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 05 00 06 00 02 04 06 08 0A C4 1B

Channel mapping (formula: 920.0 + index x 0.5 MHz):
  Ch 0  -> 920.0 MHz
  Ch 2  -> 921.0 MHz
  Ch 4  -> 922.0 MHz
  Ch 6  -> 923.0 MHz
  Ch 8  -> 924.0 MHz
  Ch 10 -> 925.0 MHz

Ukugeleza Komsebenzi Wokuskena Okungcono Kakhulu

01

Lungisa izimbobo ze-antenna namazinga wamandla

02

Setha amafrikhwensi okusebenza (i-FHSS yezindawo eziminyene)

03

Lungisa isihlungi esiphindwe kabili (500ms-3000ms kuye ngokuthi iyiphi indaba yokusebenzisa)

04

Thumela i-READ_EPC_TAG ukuze uqale uhlu oluqhubekayo

05

Sebenzisa izaziso ze-tag (PID 0x1231) njengoba zifika

06

Thumela i-STOP_INVENTORY uma usuqedile

Complete inventory flow - TypeScript
// 1. Enable antennas 1-4
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE", [0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);

// 2. Set power to 30 dBm on all ports
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_READER_POWER", [0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E]);

// 3. Set working frequencies
await sendFrame("SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY", [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]);

// 4. Set duplicate filter to 1000ms
await sendFrame("SET_FILTER_SETTINGS", [0x03, 0xE8]);

// 5. Start inventory
await sendFrame("READ_EPC_TAG");

// 6. Process tags...
reader.on("tag", (tag) => {
  const rssiDbm = -100 + Math.round((tag.rssi * 70) / 255);
  console.log(`EPC: ${tag.epc}, Ant: ${tag.antenna}, RSSI: ${rssiDbm} dBm`);
});

// 7. Stop when done
await sendFrame("STOP_INVENTORY");