Ibhukwana Lokuhlanganisa Umfundi we-RFID
Imibhalo ebanzi ehlanganisa ukusetha ukuxhumana kwe-serial, ukucushwa kwe-antenna, imisebenzi yokufaka amakhodi yethagi (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C), kanye nokuphathwa kwamandla. Kuhlanganisa izibonelo zokuthunyelwa kwama-antenna amaningi nokuskena kwempahla ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ukusetha Ukuxhumana kwe-Serial
Abafundi be-Nextwaves NRN protocol RFID baxhumana ngembobo ye-serial (RS-232 noma i-USB-to-Serial). Amapharamitha okuxhumeka kumele alungiswe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwedatha okuzinzile.
Ukuze uthole ukuxhumeka kwe-API ye-WebSerial esekelwe kusiphequluli, sebenzisa i-Nextwaves Reader Connect ku-app.nextwaves.com/reader. Uhlelo lokusebenza luzitholela ngokuzenzakalela izimbobo ze-COM futhi lulungiselele amapharamitha okuxhumeka.
// Request serial port access
const port = await navigator.serial.requestPort();
await port.open({
baudRate: 115200,
dataBits: 8,
stopBits: 1,
parity: "none",
flowControl: "none",
bufferSize: 4096,
});
// Get reader/writer streams
const reader = port.readable.getReader();
const writer = port.writable.getWriter();import serial
port = serial.Serial(
port="/dev/ttyUSB0", # Linux/macOS
# port="COM3", # Windows
baudrate=115200,
bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,
stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
timeout=2.0,
)
# Flush buffers before communication
port.reset_input_buffer()
port.reset_output_buffer()Isakhiwo Sohlaka Lwephrothokholi ye-Nextwaves NRN
Umyalo ngamunye wephrothokholi ye-NRN ufakwe ohlakeni lwe-binary oluqukethe: Isihloko (0x5A), i-PCW (Protocol Control Word), Isigaba, i-MID (Message ID), Ubude, idatha ye-payload, kanye ne-CRC16-CCITT checksum.
Izibonelo Zomyalo
TX -> 5A 00 01 01 00 00 00 DC E5
+----+ +------+ +----+ +----+ +------+ +------+
| 5A | | 0001 | | 01 | | 00 | | 0000 | | DCE5 |
+----+ +------+ +----+ +----+ +------+ +------+
HDR PCW CAT MID LEN CRC16TX -> 5A 00 01 02 10 00 00 04 5A
HDR PCW CAT MID LEN CRC16
Response notifications (PID 0x1231) contain:
- Antenna ID (1 byte)
- RSSI value (1 byte, raw ADC 0-255)
- EPC data (12+ bytes)
- Frequency channel index (1 byte)TX -> 5A 00 01 02 FF 00 00 88 5A
HDR PCW CAT MID LEN CRC16Isithenjwa Somyalo Oyinhloko
Ukucushwa kwe-Antenna
Abafundi be-RFID basekela kuze kufike emachwebeni e-antenna angama-32. Ichweba ngalinye linikwe amandla noma livaliwe nge-bitmask engama-4-byte. Ama-Antenna anezinombolo eziyi-1 kuya kuma-32, ngebhithi ngalinye elihambisana nechweba.
I-Antenna Bitmask
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 03 00 04 0F 00 00 00 E1 EF
+-----------+
Payload: |0F 00 00 00| <- bitmask
+-----------+
Bit 0 = ANT1, Bit 1 = ANT2, Bit 2 = ANT3, Bit 3 = ANT4
0x0F = 0b00001111 -> all 4 ports enabledUkuthunyelwa Kwe-Multi-Antenna
Uma usebenzisa ama-antenna amaningi, cabangela i-polarization (linear vs. circular), isikhala phakathi kwama-antenna, kanye nezindawo zokumboza eziqondana. Umfundi uskena ngokulandelana kuma-antenna anikwe amandla, futhi umbiko ngamunye wethagi uqukethe i-ID ye-antenna yokuthola indawo.
Umnyango Wokumisa
2-4 izimpondo ngomnyango ngamunye, ukuhlukaniswa okuyindilinga, amandla angu-30 dBm
I-Conveyor Belt
1-2 izimpondo ngesiteshi ngasinye, ukuhlukaniswa okulayini, 20-25 dBm
Ishalofu Lokuthengisa
Ama-antenna aseduze nenkambu, amandla aphansi 15-20 dBm, ukuminyana okuphezulu
Ukufaka amakhodi e-Tag (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C)
I-UHF RFID ilandela izinga le-EPC Gen2 (ISO 18000-6C). I-tag ngayinye inamabhange ememori ama-4: Agodliwe (amaphasiwedi), i-EPC (isihlonzi esingu-96+ bit), i-TID (i-ID ye-chip engaguquki), kanye noMsebenzisi (idatha yangokwezifiso).
Isakhiwo Sememori ye-Tag
Isibonelo Sokuhumusha i-SGTIN-96
I-SGTIN-96 iyindlela ejwayelekile yokufaka amakhodi emikhiqizweni yokuthengisa kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Guqula i-EPC ye-hex yezinhlamvu ezingama-24 ibe yi-GTIN-14, inombolo ye-serial, kanye ne-GS1 Digital Link.
EPC Hex: 3034257BF7194E4000001A85
Decoded:
Header: 0x30 (SGTIN-96)
Filter: 1 (Point-of-Sale)
Partition: 5
Company Prefix: 0614141
Item Reference: 812345
Serial: 6789
GTIN-14: 80614141123458
Digital Link: https://id.gs1.org/01/80614141123458/21/6789// NRN protocol WRITE_EPC_TAG command
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 11 00 0C [EPC_DATA_12_BYTES] [CRC16]
// The reader will:
// 1. Select the tag in its field
// 2. Write the provided EPC data to Bank 01
// 3. Return success/failure notification
// Access password required if tag is locked:
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 11 00 10 [ACCESS_PWD_4B] [EPC_DATA_12B] [CRC16]Sebenzisa ithuluzi le-EPC Encoder eliku-inthanethi ku- /tools/tds-rfid-converter ukufaka amakhodi nokukhipha amakhodi e-SGTIN-96, SSCC-96, GRAI-96 ngokuqondile kusiphequluli sakho.
Ukuphathwa Kwamandla
Amandla okudlulisa umfundi alungiseka ukusuka ku-0 kuya ku-33 dBm ngembobo ye-antenna. Amandla aphezulu andisa ububanzi bokufunda kodwa futhi andisa ukuphazamiseka nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 01 00 04 1E 1E 1E 1E 67 FE
+-----------+
Payload: |1E 1E 1E 1E|
+-----------+
0x1E = 30 decimal = 30 dBm per port
Power guidelines:
- 33 dBm - Maximum range (~10m), dock doors
- 30 dBm - Standard range (~6-8m), general use
- 25 dBm - Medium range (~3-5m), conveyor belts
- 20 dBm - Short range (~1-2m), point-of-sale
- 15 dBm - Near-field (~0.5m), shelf readersUkuqapha i-RSSI
Amanani e-RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) avela kumathagi abikwa njengama-byte e-ADC aluhlaza (0-255). Sebenzisa ifomula yokuguqula ukuze uthole amanani e-dBm aqondile.
Ukuskena Kwezimpahla Ngesivinini Esiphezulu
Ukuze kutholwe ukuskena kwempahla ngesivinini esiphezulu, lungisa ama-frequency asebenzayo, isihlungi samathegi esiphindwe kabili, kanye nemodi yokuskena eqhubekayo. Abafundi basekela kufika kumathagi angu-700/ngomzuzwana ngokucushwa okuhle.
Ukucushwa Kwe-Frequency
I-UHF RFID isebenza ebangeni le-920-925 MHz (Southeast Asia), enesikhala sesiteshi esingu-0.5 MHz. Iziteshi zinombolo kusuka ku-0 (920 MHz) kuya ku-10 (925 MHz).
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 05 00 06 00 02 04 06 08 0A C4 1B
Channel mapping (formula: 920.0 + index x 0.5 MHz):
Ch 0 -> 920.0 MHz
Ch 2 -> 921.0 MHz
Ch 4 -> 922.0 MHz
Ch 6 -> 923.0 MHz
Ch 8 -> 924.0 MHz
Ch 10 -> 925.0 MHzUkugeleza Komsebenzi Wokuskena Okungcono Kakhulu
Lungisa izimbobo ze-antenna namazinga wamandla
Setha amafrikhwensi okusebenza (i-FHSS yezindawo eziminyene)
Lungisa isihlungi esiphindwe kabili (500ms-3000ms kuye ngokuthi iyiphi indaba yokusebenzisa)
Thumela i-READ_EPC_TAG ukuze uqale uhlu oluqhubekayo
Sebenzisa izaziso ze-tag (PID 0x1231) njengoba zifika
Thumela i-STOP_INVENTORY uma usuqedile
// 1. Enable antennas 1-4
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE", [0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
// 2. Set power to 30 dBm on all ports
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_READER_POWER", [0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E]);
// 3. Set working frequencies
await sendFrame("SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY", [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]);
// 4. Set duplicate filter to 1000ms
await sendFrame("SET_FILTER_SETTINGS", [0x03, 0xE8]);
// 5. Start inventory
await sendFrame("READ_EPC_TAG");
// 6. Process tags...
reader.on("tag", (tag) => {
const rssiDbm = -100 + Math.round((tag.rssi * 70) / 255);
console.log(`EPC: ${tag.epc}, Ant: ${tag.antenna}, RSSI: ${rssiDbm} dBm`);
});
// 7. Stop when done
await sendFrame("STOP_INVENTORY");