ÌWỌNỌ̀
Itọ́sọ́nà Ìdápọ̀ Olùkàwé RFID
Ìwé àkọ́kọ́ tó péye tó ń bo àtúnṣe ibaraẹnisọrọ serial, ìtò antenna, iṣẹ́ àkọ́ọ̀lẹ̀ tag (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C), àti iṣakoso agbára. Ó ní àpẹẹrẹ fún fifi antenna ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ṣàgbékalẹ̀ àti àwárí àkójọpọ̀ tó yara.
Àtúnṣe Ibaraẹnisọrọ Serial
Olùkàwé RFID ti ìlànà Nextwaves NRN ń bá a sọ̀rọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ibudo serial (RS-232 tàbí USB-to-Serial). Àwọn àlàyé asopọ gbọdọ̀ jẹ́ ṣètò nípò tó péye láti jẹ́ kí ìfiránṣẹ́ data dúró ṣinṣin.
Baud Rate
115200
Data Bits
8
Stop Bits
1
Parity
None
Fun awọn asopọ API WebSerial ti o da lori aṣàwákiri, lo Nextwaves Reader Connect ní app.nextwaves.com/reader. Ohun elo naa ń ṣe àwárí laifọwọyi awọn ibudo COM ati ṣeto awọn paramita asopọ.
// Request serial port access
const port = await navigator.serial.requestPort();
await port.open({
baudRate: 115200,
dataBits: 8,
stopBits: 1,
parity: "none",
flowControl: "none",
bufferSize: 4096,
});
// Get reader/writer streams
const reader = port.readable.getReader();
const writer = port.writable.getWriter();import serial
port = serial.Serial(
port="/dev/ttyUSB0", # Linux/macOS
# port="COM3", # Windows
baudrate=115200,
bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,
stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
timeout=2.0,
)
# Flush buffers before communication
port.reset_input_buffer()
port.reset_output_buffer()Ilana Fireemu Ìlànà NRN ti Nextwaves
Gbogbo àṣẹ ìlànà NRN jẹ́ àkópọ̀ nínú fireemu binary tí ó ní: Header (0x5A), PCW (Protocol Control Word), Ẹ̀ka, MID (Message ID), Gigun, Data payload, àti CRC16-CCITT checksum.
| Aaye | Iwọn | Apejuwe |
|---|---|---|
| Header | 1 byte | Nigbagbogbo 0x5A. ami ibẹrẹ-fọ́ọ̀mù |
| PCW | 2 bytes | Àwọn ààmì ìlànà (ẹ̀ya, àdírẹ́sì) |
| Category | 1 byte | Ẹ̀ka aṣẹ (0x00=Eto, 0x01=Ẹrọ, 0x02=RFID) |
| MID | 1 byte | ID ifiranṣẹ̀ ní inú ẹ̀ka |
| Length | 2 bytes | Gigun àkóónú ní báyìì (big-endian) |
| Data | N bytes | Àkópọ̀ data pàtó fún aṣẹ |
| CRC16 | 2 bytes | Checksum CRC16-CCITT ti awọn baiti lẹ́yìn akọlé |
Àpẹẹrẹ Aṣẹ
TX → 5A 00 01 01 00 00 00 DC E5
┌──┐ ┌────┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐
│5A│ │0001│ │01│ │00│ │0000│ │DCE5│
└──┘ └────┘ └──┘ └──┘ └────┘ └────┘
HDR PCW CAT MID LEN CRC16TX → 5A 00 01 02 10 00 00 04 5A
HDR PCW CAT MID LEN CRC16
Response notifications (PID 0x1231) contain:
• Antenna ID (1 byte)
• RSSI value (1 byte, raw ADC 0-255)
• EPC data (12+ bytes)
• Frequency channel index (1 byte)TX → 5A 00 01 02 FF 00 00 88 5A
HDR PCW CAT MID LEN CRC16Ìtọ́kasí Àṣẹ Kókó
| Aṣẹ | Koodu | Apejuwe |
|---|---|---|
| QUERY_INFO | 0x0100 | Beere nọmba jara oluka ati awọn ẹya firmware |
| QUERY_RFID_ABILITY | 0x1000 | Beere awọn agbara RFID (ibiti agbara, nọmba antena) |
| READ_EPC_TAG | 0x0210 | Bẹrẹ iṣiro aami EPC lemọlemọ |
| WRITE_EPC_TAG | 0x0211 | Kọ data si banki EPC ti aami |
| STOP_INVENTORY | 0x02FF | Da iṣiro aami ti n ṣiṣẹ duro |
| CONFIGURE_READER_POWER | 0x0201 | Ṣeto agbara gbigbe (0-33 dBm fun antena kọọkan) |
| CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE | 0x0203 | Mu awọn ibudo antena ṣiṣẹ/tabi pa (bitmask) |
| SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY | 0x0205 | Ṣeto awọn igbohunsafẹfẹ iṣẹ pato |
| SET_FILTER_SETTINGS | 0x0209 | Ṣeto àlẹmọ ẹda aami (ti o da lori akoko) |
| BUZZER_SWITCH | 0x011E | Ṣakoso ipo buzzer |
Iṣeto Antenna
Awọn oluka RFID ṣe atilẹyin to 32 awọn ibudo antena. Gbogbo ibudo le jẹ mu ṣiṣẹ tabi mu pa nipasẹ bitmask ti awọn baiti 4. Awọn antena ni a n ṣeto lati 1 si 32, pẹlu baiti kọọkan ti o baamu ibudo kan.
Bitmask Antenna
Ṣeéṣiṣẹ́ àntẹna 1-4
0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
Binary: 00001111 → Ports 1,2,3,4 ON
Ṣeéṣiṣẹ́ àntẹna 1 & 3 Nìkan
0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
Binary: 00000101 → Ports 1,3 ON
TX → 5A 00 01 02 03 00 04 0F 00 00 00 E1 EF
┌───────────┐
Payload: │0F 00 00 00│ ← bitmask
└───────────┘
Bit 0 = ANT1, Bit 1 = ANT2, Bit 2 = ANT3, Bit 3 = ANT4
0x0F = 0b00001111 → all 4 ports enabledFifi Antenna Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ Ṣe
Nígbà tí a bá ń fi antenna ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ṣàgbékalẹ̀, ó ṣe pàtàkì láti kà sí ìtòsí (ìlà-ìtòsí vs. yíyí), ààlà àárín antenna, àti àgbègbè àbo tí ń bà a pọ̀. Olùkàwé ń ṣàwárí ní títọ́ lẹ́sẹ̀sẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ antenna tí a ti ṣí, àti ìjábọ̀ tag kọọkan ní ID antenna fún ìdánimọ̀ ipo.
Ilẹ̀kùn Dock
2-4 àntẹna fún ẹnu-ọna, ìpolárìtì yíyíká, agbára 30 dBm
Bẹ́lììtì Gbigbe
1-2 àntẹna fún ọkọọkan ibudo, ìpolárìtì líníà, 20-25 dBm
Apá Tita
Antenna pẹ̀lú pápá tó sunmọ́, agbára kékèké 15-20 dBm, àkúnya gíga
Kóòdì Tag (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C)
UHF RFID ń tẹ̀lé àdájọ EPC Gen2 (ISO 18000-6C). Gbogbo tag ní ilé-ìrántí mẹ́rin: Reserved (ọ̀rọ̀ aṣínà), EPC (àmì idanimọ 96+ bit), TID (ID chip tí kò lè yípadà), àti User (data àdáṣe).
Ilé-ìrántí Tag
| Banki | ID | Iwọn Típíkà | Lílo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reserved | 00 | 64 bits | Ọrọìgbaniwọle pa (32b) + Ọrọìgbaniwọle wọle (32b) |
| EPC | 01 | 96-128 bits | SGTIN-96, SSCC-96, tàbí àkóòdù àdáṣe |
| TID | 10 | 96+ bits | ID oníṣòwò chip (kà-nìkan, aláìlòpin) |
| User | 11 | 0-512 bits | Data pàtó fún ohun-èlo (da lori chip) |
Àpẹẹrẹ Ìtúmọ̀ SGTIN-96
SGTIN-96 ni kóòdì tó wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ fún àwọn ọja tita ati pq ipese. Yi EPC hex ti awọn ohun kikọ 24 pada si GTIN-14, nọmba jara, ati GS1 Digital Link.
EPC Hex: 3034257BF7194E4000001A85
Decoded:
Header: 0x30 (SGTIN-96)
Filter: 1 (Point-of-Sale)
Partition: 5
Company Prefix: 0614141
Item Reference: 812345
Serial: 6789
GTIN-14: 80614141123458
Digital Link: https://id.gs1.org/01/80614141123458/21/6789// NRN protocol WRITE_EPC_TAG command
TX → 5A 00 01 02 11 00 0C [EPC_DATA_12_BYTES] [CRC16]
// The reader will:
// 1. Select the tag in its field
// 2. Write the provided EPC data to Bank 01
// 3. Return success/failure notification
// Access password required if tag is locked:
TX → 5A 00 01 02 11 00 10 [ACCESS_PWD_4B] [EPC_DATA_12B] [CRC16]Lo irinṣẹ EPC Encoder ori ayelujara ní /tools/tds-rfid-converter lati kóòdù àti ṣíṣe àtúnkò SGTIN-96, SSCC-96, GRAI-96 taara ninu aṣàwákiri rẹ.
Iṣakoso Agbára
Agbára ìfiránṣẹ́ olùkàwé lè ṣètò láti 0 sí 33 dBm fún ọkọ̀ọ̀kan ibudo antenna. Agbára tó ga jùlọ ń pọ̀ sí i àgbègbè ìkànsí, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń pọ̀ sí i ìfarapa àti ìlò agbára.
TX → 5A 00 01 02 01 00 04 1E 1E 1E 1E 67 FE
┌───────────┐
Payload: │1E 1E 1E 1E│
└───────────┘
0x1E = 30 decimal = 30 dBm per port
Power guidelines:
• 33 dBm — Maximum range (~10m), dock doors
• 30 dBm — Standard range (~6-8m), general use
• 25 dBm — Medium range (~3-5m), conveyor belts
• 20 dBm — Short range (~1-2m), point-of-sale
• 15 dBm — Near-field (~0.5m), shelf readersÌmúlò RSSI
Àwọn iye RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) láti inú tag ni a ń ṣàfihàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọ̀n ADC àìlò (0-255). Lo àtúnṣe fọ́ọ́mùlá láti rí iye dBm tó péye.
Fórúmù Iyipada
dBm = -100 + round((raw × 70) / 255)
Raw 128
-65 dBm
Dára
Raw 180
-51 dBm
Lágbára
Raw 220
-40 dBm
Pípé
Àyẹ̀wò Ìkójọpọ̀ Ohun-èlò Tó Yara
Fun àyẹ̀wò ìkójọpọ̀ ohun-èlò tó yara, ṣètò àwọn igbohùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ iṣẹ́, àlẹ́mọ́ àpẹẹrẹ tó jọra, àti àyípadà àyẹ̀wò aláìdákẹ́jẹ. Awọn oluka lè ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn tó 700 àmi/ìṣẹ́ju pẹ̀lú ìtò tó péye.
Ìtò Ìgbàgbọ́
UHF RFID ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní àgbègbè 920-925 MHz (Gúúsù Ìlà Oòrùn Ásíà), pẹ̀lú ààyè ikanni 0.5 MHz. Àwọn ikanni ní nǹkan 0 (920 MHz) sí 10 (925 MHz).
TX → 5A 00 01 02 05 00 06 00 02 04 06 08 0A C4 1B
Channel mapping (formula: 920.0 + index × 0.5 MHz):
Ch 0 → 920.0 MHz
Ch 2 → 921.0 MHz
Ch 4 → 922.0 MHz
Ch 6 → 923.0 MHz
Ch 8 → 924.0 MHz
Ch 10 → 925.0 MHzIlana Ṣíṣe Àwárí Tó Dára Jùlọ
Ṣètò àwọn ibudo àntenna àti awọn ipele agbara
Ṣètò igbohunsafẹfẹ iṣẹ (FHSS fún àyíká tí ó kún)
Ṣètò àlẹ̀mọ́ àtúnṣe (500ms-3000ms gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọran ìlò ṣe yàtọ̀)
Firanṣẹ READ_EPC_TAG láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkójọ àìdáyẹ̀wò alákọ̀ọ́rẹ́
Ṣe àtúnṣe ìkìlọ̀ tag (PID 0x1231) bí wọ́n ṣe dé
Firanṣẹ STOP_INVENTORY nígbà tí o bá parí
// 1. Enable antennas 1-4
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE", [0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
// 2. Set power to 30 dBm on all ports
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_READER_POWER", [0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E]);
// 3. Set working frequencies
await sendFrame("SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY", [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]);
// 4. Set duplicate filter to 1000ms
await sendFrame("SET_FILTER_SETTINGS", [0x03, 0xE8]);
// 5. Start inventory
await sendFrame("READ_EPC_TAG");
// 6. Process tags...
reader.on("tag", (tag) => {
const rssiDbm = -100 + Math.round((tag.rssi * 70) / 255);
console.log(`EPC: ${tag.epc}, Ant: ${tag.antenna}, RSSI: ${rssiDbm} dBm`);
});
// 7. Stop when done
await sendFrame("STOP_INVENTORY");