AKWỤKWỌ

Akwụkwọ Ntuziaka Njikọta RFID Reader

Akwụkwọ zuru oke na-ekpuchi ntọala nzikọrịta ozi serial, nhazi antenna, ọrụ encoding tag (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C), na njikwa ike. Gụnyere ihe atụ maka mgbasa ozi multi-antenna na nyocha ngwa ngwa.

Reader bring-up
NRN
Serial115200 8N1
ProtocolCRC16-CCITT
RF power0-33 dBm
Inventory700 tags/s
5APCWCATMIDLENDATACRC16

Ntọala Nzikọrịta Serial

Nextwaves NRN protocol RFID ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-ekwurịta okwu site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri serial (RS-232 ma ọ bụ USB-to-Serial). A ga-edozi paramita njikọ nke ọma iji hụ na nnyefe data kwụsiri ike.

Maka njikọ API WebSerial dabere na ihe nchọgharị, jiri Nextwaves Reader Connect na app.nextwaves.com/reader. Ngwa ahụ na-achọpụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri COM na-akpaghị aka ma na-ahazi paramita njikọ.

Baud rate115200
Data bits8
Stop bits1
ParityNone
TypeScript - WebSerial Connection
// Request serial port access
const port = await navigator.serial.requestPort();
await port.open({
  baudRate: 115200,
  dataBits: 8,
  stopBits: 1,
  parity: "none",
  flowControl: "none",
  bufferSize: 4096,
});

// Get reader/writer streams
const reader = port.readable.getReader();
const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
Python - PySerial Connection
import serial

port = serial.Serial(
    port="/dev/ttyUSB0",      # Linux/macOS
    # port="COM3",            # Windows
    baudrate=115200,
    bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,
    stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
    parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
    timeout=2.0,
)

# Flush buffers before communication
port.reset_input_buffer()
port.reset_output_buffer()

Usoro Ụdị Nchekwa NRN Protocol Nextwaves

Iwu protocol NRN ọ bụla na-abanye n'ime binary frame nke nwere: Isi (0x5A), PCW (Protocol Control Word), Category, MID (Message ID), Ogologo, Data payload, na CRC16-CCITT checksum.

UbiNhaNkọwa
Header
1 byte
Mgbe niile 0x5A. akara mmalite nke etiti
PCW
2 bytes
Ọkọlọtọ protocol (ụdị, adreesị)
Category
1 byte
Ụdị iwu (0x00=Sistemụ, 0x01=Ngwaọrụ, 0x02=RFID)
MID
1 byte
Aha ozi n'ime ụdị
Length
2 bytes
Ogologo payload na bytes (nnukwu-endian)
Data
N bytes
Ụgwọ akpan akpan iwu
CRC16
2 bytes
CRC16-CCITT checksum nke bytes mgbe isi

Ihe Nlereanya Iwu

QUERY_INFO - Query reader serial number and firmware
TX -> 5A 00 01 01 00 00 00 DC E5
       +----+ +------+ +----+ +----+ +------+ +------+
       | 5A | | 0001 | | 01 | | 00 | | 0000 | | DCE5 |
       +----+ +------+ +----+ +----+ +------+ +------+
        HDR     PCW    CAT   MID    LEN     CRC16
READ_EPC_TAG - Start continuous EPC tag inventory
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 10 00 00 04 5A
       HDR  PCW   CAT MID LEN   CRC16

Response notifications (PID 0x1231) contain:
  - Antenna ID (1 byte)
  - RSSI value (1 byte, raw ADC 0-255)
  - EPC data (12+ bytes)
  - Frequency channel index (1 byte)
STOP_INVENTORY - Stop running inventory scan
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 FF 00 00 88 5A
       HDR  PCW   CAT MID LEN   CRC16

Ntụaka Iwu Igodo

IwuKooduNkọwa
QUERY_INFO
0x0100
Jụọ nọmba serial onye na-agụ na ụdị firmware
QUERY_RFID_ABILITY
0x1000
Jụọ ikike RFID (oke ike, ọnụọgụ antenna)
READ_EPC_TAG
0x0210
Malite ndekọ ngwaahịa EPC tag na-aga n'ihu
WRITE_EPC_TAG
0x0211
Dee data na ụlọ akụ EPC nke tag
STOP_INVENTORY
0x02FF
Kwụsị ndekọ ngwaahịa tag na-agba ọsọ
CONFIGURE_READER_POWER
0x0201
Tọọ ike nnyefe (0-33 dBm kwa antenna)
CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE
0x0203
Mee/gbanyụọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri antenna (bitmask)
SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY
0x0205
Tọọ ugboro arụ ọrụ akọwapụtara
SET_FILTER_SETTINGS
0x0209
Hazie nzacha tag duplicate (dabere na oge)
BUZZER_SWITCH
0x011E
Jikwaa ọnọdụ buzzer

Ntọala Antenna

Ndị na-agụ RFID na-akwado ihe ruru 32 antenna ports. A na-enyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla aka ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ ya site na bitmask nke byte 4. A na-agụ antenna site na 1 ruo 32, yana bit ọ bụla na-ekwekọ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Bitmask Antena

Mee ka Antennas 1-4 rụọ ọrụ0F 00 00 00Binary 00001111 - ports 1, 2, 3, 4 on
Mee ka Antennas 1 & 3 rụọ ọrụ naanị05 00 00 00Binary 00000101 - ports 1 and 3 on
CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE - Enable ports 1-4
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 03 00 04 0F 00 00 00 E1 EF
                              +-----------+
       Payload:               |0F 00 00 00| <- bitmask
                              +-----------+
       Bit 0 = ANT1, Bit 1 = ANT2, Bit 2 = ANT3, Bit 3 = ANT4
       0x0F = 0b00001111 -> all 4 ports enabled

Ntinye mgbasa ozi ọtụtụ antenna

Mgbe ị na-eji ọtụtụ antennas, tụlee polarization (linear vs. circular), oghere dị n'etiti antennas, na mpaghara mkpuchi na-ekpuchi. Onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na-enyocha usoro site na antennas enyere aka, na akụkọ tag ọ bụla gụnyere ID antenna maka mkpebi ọnọdụ.

Portal

Ụzọ Ụgbọ Mmiri

2-4 antennas kwa ọnụ ụzọ, circular polarization, ike 30 dBm

Station

Eriri Mbupu

1-2 antennas kwa ọdụ, linear polarization, 20-25 dBm

Shelf

Shelf Ahịa

Antennas dị nso, ike dị ala 15-20 dBm, nnukwu njupụta

Nkọwa Tag (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C)

UHF RFID na-eso ụkpụrụ EPC Gen2 (ISO 18000-6C). Mkpado ọ bụla nwere ụlọ nchekwa 4: Edebere (paswọọdụ), EPC (njirimara 96+ bit), TID (njirimara mgbawa na-agbanwe agbanwe), na Onye ọrụ (data omenala).

Usoro Ncheta Tag

Ụlọ akụIDNha NkịtịOjiji
Reserved
00
64 bits
Gbuo paswọọdụ (32b) + Nweta paswọọdụ (32b)
EPC
01
96-128 bits
SGTIN-96, SSCC-96, ma ọ bụ koodu omenala
TID
10
96+ bits
Aha onye nrụpụta mgbawa (gụọ naanị, pụrụ iche)
User
11
0-512 bits
Data akpan akpan ngwa (dabere na mgbawa)

Ihe Nlereanya nke SGTIN-96 Decoding

SGTIN-96 bụ koodu a na-ahụkarị maka ngwaahịa ire ere na yinye ọkọnọ. Tụgharịa EPC hex nke mkpụrụedemede 24 ka ọ bụrụ GTIN-14, nọmba serial, na GS1 Digital Link.

SGTIN-96 Decode - Example
EPC Hex: 3034257BF7194E4000001A85

Decoded:
  Header:         0x30 (SGTIN-96)
  Filter:         1 (Point-of-Sale)
  Partition:      5
  Company Prefix: 0614141
  Item Reference: 812345
  Serial:         6789
  GTIN-14:        80614141123458
  Digital Link:   https://id.gs1.org/01/80614141123458/21/6789
WRITE_EPC_TAG - Write EPC data to tag
// NRN protocol WRITE_EPC_TAG command
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 11 00 0C [EPC_DATA_12_BYTES] [CRC16]

// The reader will:
// 1. Select the tag in its field
// 2. Write the provided EPC data to Bank 01
// 3. Return success/failure notification

// Access password required if tag is locked:
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 11 00 10 [ACCESS_PWD_4B] [EPC_DATA_12B] [CRC16]

Jiri ngwa EPC Encoder n'ịntanetị na /tools/tds-rfid-converter i iji koodu ma gbanwee SGTIN-96, SSCC-96, GRAI-96 ozugbo na ihe nchọgharị gị.

Njikwa Ike

Ike nnyefe onye na-agụ akwụkwọ nwere ike ịgbanwe site na 0 ruo 33 dBm kwa ọdụ ụgbọ antenna. Ike dị elu na-abawanye oke ịgụ ma na-abawanye nnyonye anya na oriri ike.

CONFIGURE_READER_POWER - Set 30 dBm on all 4 ports
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 01 00 04 1E 1E 1E 1E 67 FE
                              +-----------+
       Payload:               |1E 1E 1E 1E|
                              +-----------+
       0x1E = 30 decimal = 30 dBm per port

Power guidelines:
  - 33 dBm - Maximum range (~10m), dock doors
  - 30 dBm - Standard range (~6-8m), general use
  - 25 dBm - Medium range (~3-5m), conveyor belts
  - 20 dBm - Short range (~1-2m), point-of-sale
  - 15 dBm - Near-field (~0.5m), shelf readers

Nlekota RSSI

Uru RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) sitere na tags na-akọ dị ka raw ADC bytes (0-255). Jiri usoro ntụgharị iji nweta ezigbo uru dBm.

Usoro NtụgharịdBm = -100 + round((raw x 70) / 255)
Raw 128 - Ezi-65 dBm
Raw 180 - Ike-51 dBm
Raw 220 - Magburu onwe ya-40 dBm

Nyocha Ngwa Ngwa Ngwa Ngwa

Maka nyocha ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa, hazie ugboro arụ ọrụ, nzacha akara oyiri, na ọnọdụ nyocha na-aga n'ihu. Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-akwado akara ruru 700/sekọnd na nhazi kachasị mma.

Nhazi Ugboro

UHF RFID na-arụ ọrụ na 920-925 MHz band (Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia), nwere oghere ọwa 0.5 MHz. A na-agụnye ọwa site na 0 (920 MHz) ruo 10 (925 MHz).

SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY - 6 channels (920-925 MHz)
TX -> 5A 00 01 02 05 00 06 00 02 04 06 08 0A C4 1B

Channel mapping (formula: 920.0 + index x 0.5 MHz):
  Ch 0  -> 920.0 MHz
  Ch 2  -> 921.0 MHz
  Ch 4  -> 922.0 MHz
  Ch 6  -> 923.0 MHz
  Ch 8  -> 924.0 MHz
  Ch 10 -> 925.0 MHz

Usoro ịchọpụta ihe kacha mma

01

Hazie ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri antenna na ọkwa ike

02

Tọọ ugboro arụ ọrụ (FHSS maka gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike)

03

Hazie nzacha oyiri (500ms-3000ms dabere na ikpe ojiji)

04

Ziga READ_EPC_TAG iji malite ndekọ ihe onwunwe na-aga n'ihu

05

Hazi ọkwa mkpado (PID 0x1231) ka ha na-abata

06

Ziga STOP_INVENTORY mgbe emechara

Complete inventory flow - TypeScript
// 1. Enable antennas 1-4
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE", [0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);

// 2. Set power to 30 dBm on all ports
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_READER_POWER", [0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E]);

// 3. Set working frequencies
await sendFrame("SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY", [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]);

// 4. Set duplicate filter to 1000ms
await sendFrame("SET_FILTER_SETTINGS", [0x03, 0xE8]);

// 5. Start inventory
await sendFrame("READ_EPC_TAG");

// 6. Process tags...
reader.on("tag", (tag) => {
  const rssiDbm = -100 + Math.round((tag.rssi * 70) / 255);
  console.log(`EPC: ${tag.epc}, Ant: ${tag.antenna}, RSSI: ${rssiDbm} dBm`);
});

// 7. Stop when done
await sendFrame("STOP_INVENTORY");