HUJJATLAR

RFID Reader Integratsiya Qo'llanmasi

Seriyali aloqani o'rnatish, antenna konfiguratsiyasi, teg kodlash operatsiyalari (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C) va quvvatni boshqarish bo'yicha keng qamrovli hujjatlar. Ko'p antennali joylashtirish va yuqori tezlikda inventarizatsiyani skanerlash uchun misollar mavjud.

Seriyali aloqani o'rnatish

Nextwaves NRN protokoli RFID o'quvchilari seriyali port (RS-232 yoki USB-to-Serial) orqali aloqa qiladi. Barqaror ma'lumotlarni uzatishni ta'minlash uchun ulanish parametrlari to'g'ri sozlanishi kerak.

Baud Rate

115200

Data Bits

8

Stop Bits

1

Parity

None

Brauzerga asoslangan WebSerial API ulanishlari uchun app.nextwaves.com/reader saytida Nextwaves Reader Connect-dan foydalaning. Ilova COM portlarini avtomatik ravishda aniqlaydi va ulanish parametrlarini sozladi.

TypeScript — WebSerial Connection
// Request serial port access
const port = await navigator.serial.requestPort();
await port.open({
  baudRate: 115200,
  dataBits: 8,
  stopBits: 1,
  parity: "none",
  flowControl: "none",
  bufferSize: 4096,
});

// Get reader/writer streams
const reader = port.readable.getReader();
const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
Python — PySerial Connection
import serial

port = serial.Serial(
    port="/dev/ttyUSB0",      # Linux/macOS
    # port="COM3",            # Windows
    baudrate=115200,
    bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,
    stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
    parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
    timeout=2.0,
)

# Flush buffers before communication
port.reset_input_buffer()
port.reset_output_buffer()

Nextwaves NRN Protokol Ramka Tuzilishi

Har bir NRN protokoli buyrug'i quyidagilardan iborat bo'lgan ikkilik ramkada kapsulalanadi: Sarlavha (0x5A), PCW (Protokol boshqaruv so'zi), Kategoriya, MID (Xabar ID), Uzunlik, Ma'lumotlar yuklamasi va CRC16-CCITT tekshiruv yig'indisi.

MaydonHajmiTavsif
Header1 byteHar doim 0x5A. frame boshlanish belgisi
PCW2 bytesProtokol bayroqlari (versiya, manzil)
Category1 byteBuyruq kategoriyasi (0x00=Tizim, 0x01=Qurilma, 0x02=RFID)
MID1 byteKategoriyadagi xabar IDsi
Length2 bytesBaytlardagi yuk uzunligi (big-endian)
DataN bytesBuyruqqa xos yuk
CRC162 bytesSarlavhadan keyin baytlarning CRC16-CCITT tekshiruv yig'indisi

Buyruq namunalari

QUERY_INFO — Query reader serial number & firmware
TX → 5A 00 01 01 00 00 00 DC E5
       ┌──┐ ┌────┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐
       │5A│ │0001│ │01│ │00│ │0000│ │DCE5│
       └──┘ └────┘ └──┘ └──┘ └────┘ └────┘
       HDR   PCW   CAT  MID  LEN    CRC16
READ_EPC_TAG — Start continuous EPC tag inventory
TX → 5A 00 01 02 10 00 00 04 5A
       HDR  PCW   CAT MID LEN   CRC16
       
Response notifications (PID 0x1231) contain:
  • Antenna ID (1 byte)
  • RSSI value (1 byte, raw ADC 0-255)
  • EPC data (12+ bytes)
  • Frequency channel index (1 byte)
STOP_INVENTORY — Stop running inventory scan
TX → 5A 00 01 02 FF 00 00 88 5A
       HDR  PCW   CAT MID LEN   CRC16

Asosiy buyruqlar ma'lumotnomasi

BuyruqKodTavsif
QUERY_INFO0x0100O'quvchining seriya raqami va proshivka versiyalarini so'rash
QUERY_RFID_ABILITY0x1000RFID imkoniyatlarini so'rash (quvvat diapazoni, antenna soni)
READ_EPC_TAG0x0210EPC tegini doimiy inventarizatsiyasini boshlash
WRITE_EPC_TAG0x0211Ma'lumotlarni tegning EPC bankiga yozish
STOP_INVENTORY0x02FFJoriy teg inventarizatsiyasini to'xtatish
CONFIGURE_READER_POWER0x0201Uzatish quvvatini o'rnatish (har bir antenna uchun 0-33 dBm)
CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE0x0203Antenna portlarini yoqish/o'chirish (bitmask)
SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY0x0205Muayyan ishchi chastotalarni o'rnatish
SET_FILTER_SETTINGS0x0209Teg dublikat filtrini sozlash (vaqtga asoslangan)
BUZZER_SWITCH0x011EBuzer rejimini boshqarish

Antenna konfiguratsiyasi

RFID o'quvchilari 32 tagacha antenna portini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Har bir port 4 baytli bitmask orqali yoqiladi yoki o'chiriladi. Antennalar 1 dan 32 gacha raqamlangan, har bir bit portga mos keladi.

Antenna Bitmaskasi

1-4 antennalarni yoqish

0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00

Binary: 00001111 → Ports 1,2,3,4 ON

Faqat 1 va 3 antennalarni yoqish

0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00

Binary: 00000101 → Ports 1,3 ON

CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE — Enable ports 1-4
TX → 5A 00 01 02 03 00 04 0F 00 00 00 E1 EF
                              ┌───────────┐
       Payload:               │0F 00 00 00│ ← bitmask
                              └───────────┘
       Bit 0 = ANT1, Bit 1 = ANT2, Bit 2 = ANT3, Bit 3 = ANT4
       0x0F = 0b00001111 → all 4 ports enabled

Ko'p antennali joylashtirish

Ko'p antennalarni joylashtirishda, polyarizatsiyani (chiziqli va aylanma), antennalar orasidagi masofani va qamrov zonalarning bir-biriga mos kelishini hisobga oling. O'quvchi yoqilgan antennalarni ketma-ket skanerlaydi va har bir teg hisoboti pozitsiyani aniqlash uchun antenna ID-ni o'z ichiga oladi.

Dok eshigi

Portal uchun 2-4 antenna, aylanma polyarizatsiya, 30 dBm quvvat

Konveyer lentalari

Har bir stansiyada 1-2 antenna, chiziqli polyarizatsiya, 20-25 dBm

Chakana savdo javoni

Yaqin maydonli antennalar, kam quvvat 15-20 dBm, yuqori zichlik

Tag kodlash (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C)

UHF RFID EPC Gen2 standartiga (ISO 18000-6C) amal qiladi. Har bir tagda 4 ta xotira banki mavjud: Reserved (parollar), EPC (96+ bit identifikatori), TID (o'zgarmas chip ID) va User (maxsus ma'lumotlar).

Tag xotira tuzilishi

BankIDOddiy o'lchamiFoydalanish
Reserved0064 bitsO'ldirish paroli (32b) + Kirish paroli (32b)
EPC0196-128 bitsSGTIN-96, SSCC-96 yoki maxsus kodlash
TID1096+ bitsChip ishlab chiqaruvchisi IDsi (faqat o'qish uchun, noyob)
User110-512 bitsIlovaga xos ma'lumotlar (chipga bog'liq)

SGTIN-96 dekodlash misoli

SGTIN-96 chakana savdo va ta'minot zanjiri mahsulotlari uchun eng keng tarqalgan kodlashdir. 24 belgili hex EPC-ni GTIN-14, seriya raqami va GS1 Digital Link-ga aylantiring.

SGTIN-96 Decode — Example
EPC Hex: 3034257BF7194E4000001A85

Decoded:
  Header:         0x30 (SGTIN-96)
  Filter:         1 (Point-of-Sale)
  Partition:      5
  Company Prefix: 0614141
  Item Reference: 812345
  Serial:         6789
  GTIN-14:        80614141123458
  Digital Link:   https://id.gs1.org/01/80614141123458/21/6789
WRITE_EPC_TAG — Write EPC data to tag
// NRN protocol WRITE_EPC_TAG command
TX → 5A 00 01 02 11 00 0C [EPC_DATA_12_BYTES] [CRC16]

// The reader will:
// 1. Select the tag in its field
// 2. Write the provided EPC data to Bank 01
// 3. Return success/failure notification

// Access password required if tag is locked:
TX → 5A 00 01 02 11 00 10 [ACCESS_PWD_4B] [EPC_DATA_12B] [CRC16]

Onlayn EPC Encoder vositasidan foydalaning /tools/tds-rfid-converter SGTIN-96, SSCC-96, GRAI-96 ni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri brauzeringizda kodlash va dekodlash uchun.

Quvvatni boshqarish

O'quvchi uzatish quvvati har bir antenna porti uchun 0 dan 33 dBm gacha sozlanishi. Yuqori quvvat o'qish diapazonini oshiradi, lekin shovqin va quvvat sarfini ham oshiradi.

CONFIGURE_READER_POWER — Set 30 dBm on all 4 ports
TX → 5A 00 01 02 01 00 04 1E 1E 1E 1E 67 FE
                              ┌───────────┐
       Payload:               │1E 1E 1E 1E│
                              └───────────┘
       0x1E = 30 decimal = 30 dBm per port
       
Power guidelines:
  • 33 dBm — Maximum range (~10m), dock doors
  • 30 dBm — Standard range (~6-8m), general use
  • 25 dBm — Medium range (~3-5m), conveyor belts
  • 20 dBm — Short range (~1-2m), point-of-sale
  • 15 dBm — Near-field (~0.5m), shelf readers

RSSI monitoring

Teglardan olingan RSSI (Qabul qilingan signal kuchi ko'rsatkichi) qiymatlari xom ADC baytlari (0-255) sifatida xabar qilinadi. Aniq dBm qiymatlarini olish uchun konvertatsiya formulasidan foydalaning.

Konvertatsiya formulasi

dBm = -100 + round((raw × 70) / 255)

Raw 128

-65 dBm

Yaxshi

Raw 180

-51 dBm

Kuchli

Raw 220

-40 dBm

A'lo

Yuqori tezlikda inventarizatsiyani skanerlash

Yuqori tezlikda inventarizatsiyani skanerlash uchun ishchi chastotalarni, takroriy teg filtri va uzluksiz skanerlash rejimini sozlang. O'quvchilar optimal konfiguratsiya bilan soniyasiga 700 tagacha tegni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.

Chastotani sozlash

UHF RFID 920-925 MGts diapazonida (Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo) 0,5 MGts kanal oralig'ida ishlaydi. Kanallar 0 (920 MGts) dan 10 (925 MGts) gacha raqamlangan.

SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY — 6 channels (920-925 MHz)
TX → 5A 00 01 02 05 00 06 00 02 04 06 08 0A C4 1B

Channel mapping (formula: 920.0 + index × 0.5 MHz):
  Ch 0  → 920.0 MHz
  Ch 2  → 921.0 MHz
  Ch 4  → 922.0 MHz
  Ch 6  → 923.0 MHz
  Ch 8  → 924.0 MHz
  Ch 10 → 925.0 MHz

Optimal skanerlash ish oqimi

1

Antenna portlari va quvvat darajalarini sozlang

2

Ishchi chastotalarni o'rnating (ziyoda muhitlar uchun FHSS)

3

Takroriy filtrni sozlang (foydalanish holatiga qarab 500ms-3000ms)

4

Doimiy inventarizatsiyani boshlash uchun READ_EPC_TAG yuboring

5

Kelgan tag bildirishnomalarini (PID 0x1231) qayta ishlash

6

Tugatgandan so'ng STOP_INVENTORY yuboring

Complete inventory flow — TypeScript
// 1. Enable antennas 1-4
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE", [0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);

// 2. Set power to 30 dBm on all ports
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_READER_POWER", [0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E]);

// 3. Set working frequencies
await sendFrame("SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY", [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]);

// 4. Set duplicate filter to 1000ms  
await sendFrame("SET_FILTER_SETTINGS", [0x03, 0xE8]);

// 5. Start inventory
await sendFrame("READ_EPC_TAG");

// 6. Process tags...
reader.on("tag", (tag) => {
  const rssiDbm = -100 + Math.round((tag.rssi * 70) / 255);
  console.log(`EPC: ${tag.epc}, Ant: ${tag.antenna}, RSSI: ${rssiDbm} dBm`);
});

// 7. Stop when done
await sendFrame("STOP_INVENTORY");