HUJJATLAR
RFID Reader Integratsiya Qo'llanmasi
Seriyali aloqani o'rnatish, antenna konfiguratsiyasi, teg kodlash operatsiyalari (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C) va quvvatni boshqarish bo'yicha keng qamrovli hujjatlar. Ko'p antennali joylashtirish va yuqori tezlikda inventarizatsiyani skanerlash uchun misollar mavjud.
Seriyali aloqani o'rnatish
Nextwaves NRN protokoli RFID o'quvchilari seriyali port (RS-232 yoki USB-to-Serial) orqali aloqa qiladi. Barqaror ma'lumotlarni uzatishni ta'minlash uchun ulanish parametrlari to'g'ri sozlanishi kerak.
Baud Rate
115200
Data Bits
8
Stop Bits
1
Parity
None
Brauzerga asoslangan WebSerial API ulanishlari uchun app.nextwaves.com/reader saytida Nextwaves Reader Connect-dan foydalaning. Ilova COM portlarini avtomatik ravishda aniqlaydi va ulanish parametrlarini sozladi.
// Request serial port access
const port = await navigator.serial.requestPort();
await port.open({
baudRate: 115200,
dataBits: 8,
stopBits: 1,
parity: "none",
flowControl: "none",
bufferSize: 4096,
});
// Get reader/writer streams
const reader = port.readable.getReader();
const writer = port.writable.getWriter();import serial
port = serial.Serial(
port="/dev/ttyUSB0", # Linux/macOS
# port="COM3", # Windows
baudrate=115200,
bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,
stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
timeout=2.0,
)
# Flush buffers before communication
port.reset_input_buffer()
port.reset_output_buffer()Nextwaves NRN Protokol Ramka Tuzilishi
Har bir NRN protokoli buyrug'i quyidagilardan iborat bo'lgan ikkilik ramkada kapsulalanadi: Sarlavha (0x5A), PCW (Protokol boshqaruv so'zi), Kategoriya, MID (Xabar ID), Uzunlik, Ma'lumotlar yuklamasi va CRC16-CCITT tekshiruv yig'indisi.
| Maydon | Hajmi | Tavsif |
|---|---|---|
| Header | 1 byte | Har doim 0x5A. frame boshlanish belgisi |
| PCW | 2 bytes | Protokol bayroqlari (versiya, manzil) |
| Category | 1 byte | Buyruq kategoriyasi (0x00=Tizim, 0x01=Qurilma, 0x02=RFID) |
| MID | 1 byte | Kategoriyadagi xabar IDsi |
| Length | 2 bytes | Baytlardagi yuk uzunligi (big-endian) |
| Data | N bytes | Buyruqqa xos yuk |
| CRC16 | 2 bytes | Sarlavhadan keyin baytlarning CRC16-CCITT tekshiruv yig'indisi |
Buyruq namunalari
TX → 5A 00 01 01 00 00 00 DC E5
┌──┐ ┌────┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐
│5A│ │0001│ │01│ │00│ │0000│ │DCE5│
└──┘ └────┘ └──┘ └──┘ └────┘ └────┘
HDR PCW CAT MID LEN CRC16TX → 5A 00 01 02 10 00 00 04 5A
HDR PCW CAT MID LEN CRC16
Response notifications (PID 0x1231) contain:
• Antenna ID (1 byte)
• RSSI value (1 byte, raw ADC 0-255)
• EPC data (12+ bytes)
• Frequency channel index (1 byte)TX → 5A 00 01 02 FF 00 00 88 5A
HDR PCW CAT MID LEN CRC16Asosiy buyruqlar ma'lumotnomasi
| Buyruq | Kod | Tavsif |
|---|---|---|
| QUERY_INFO | 0x0100 | O'quvchining seriya raqami va proshivka versiyalarini so'rash |
| QUERY_RFID_ABILITY | 0x1000 | RFID imkoniyatlarini so'rash (quvvat diapazoni, antenna soni) |
| READ_EPC_TAG | 0x0210 | EPC tegini doimiy inventarizatsiyasini boshlash |
| WRITE_EPC_TAG | 0x0211 | Ma'lumotlarni tegning EPC bankiga yozish |
| STOP_INVENTORY | 0x02FF | Joriy teg inventarizatsiyasini to'xtatish |
| CONFIGURE_READER_POWER | 0x0201 | Uzatish quvvatini o'rnatish (har bir antenna uchun 0-33 dBm) |
| CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE | 0x0203 | Antenna portlarini yoqish/o'chirish (bitmask) |
| SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY | 0x0205 | Muayyan ishchi chastotalarni o'rnatish |
| SET_FILTER_SETTINGS | 0x0209 | Teg dublikat filtrini sozlash (vaqtga asoslangan) |
| BUZZER_SWITCH | 0x011E | Buzer rejimini boshqarish |
Antenna konfiguratsiyasi
RFID o'quvchilari 32 tagacha antenna portini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Har bir port 4 baytli bitmask orqali yoqiladi yoki o'chiriladi. Antennalar 1 dan 32 gacha raqamlangan, har bir bit portga mos keladi.
Antenna Bitmaskasi
1-4 antennalarni yoqish
0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
Binary: 00001111 → Ports 1,2,3,4 ON
Faqat 1 va 3 antennalarni yoqish
0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
Binary: 00000101 → Ports 1,3 ON
TX → 5A 00 01 02 03 00 04 0F 00 00 00 E1 EF
┌───────────┐
Payload: │0F 00 00 00│ ← bitmask
└───────────┘
Bit 0 = ANT1, Bit 1 = ANT2, Bit 2 = ANT3, Bit 3 = ANT4
0x0F = 0b00001111 → all 4 ports enabledKo'p antennali joylashtirish
Ko'p antennalarni joylashtirishda, polyarizatsiyani (chiziqli va aylanma), antennalar orasidagi masofani va qamrov zonalarning bir-biriga mos kelishini hisobga oling. O'quvchi yoqilgan antennalarni ketma-ket skanerlaydi va har bir teg hisoboti pozitsiyani aniqlash uchun antenna ID-ni o'z ichiga oladi.
Dok eshigi
Portal uchun 2-4 antenna, aylanma polyarizatsiya, 30 dBm quvvat
Konveyer lentalari
Har bir stansiyada 1-2 antenna, chiziqli polyarizatsiya, 20-25 dBm
Chakana savdo javoni
Yaqin maydonli antennalar, kam quvvat 15-20 dBm, yuqori zichlik
Tag kodlash (EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C)
UHF RFID EPC Gen2 standartiga (ISO 18000-6C) amal qiladi. Har bir tagda 4 ta xotira banki mavjud: Reserved (parollar), EPC (96+ bit identifikatori), TID (o'zgarmas chip ID) va User (maxsus ma'lumotlar).
Tag xotira tuzilishi
| Bank | ID | Oddiy o'lchami | Foydalanish |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reserved | 00 | 64 bits | O'ldirish paroli (32b) + Kirish paroli (32b) |
| EPC | 01 | 96-128 bits | SGTIN-96, SSCC-96 yoki maxsus kodlash |
| TID | 10 | 96+ bits | Chip ishlab chiqaruvchisi IDsi (faqat o'qish uchun, noyob) |
| User | 11 | 0-512 bits | Ilovaga xos ma'lumotlar (chipga bog'liq) |
SGTIN-96 dekodlash misoli
SGTIN-96 chakana savdo va ta'minot zanjiri mahsulotlari uchun eng keng tarqalgan kodlashdir. 24 belgili hex EPC-ni GTIN-14, seriya raqami va GS1 Digital Link-ga aylantiring.
EPC Hex: 3034257BF7194E4000001A85
Decoded:
Header: 0x30 (SGTIN-96)
Filter: 1 (Point-of-Sale)
Partition: 5
Company Prefix: 0614141
Item Reference: 812345
Serial: 6789
GTIN-14: 80614141123458
Digital Link: https://id.gs1.org/01/80614141123458/21/6789// NRN protocol WRITE_EPC_TAG command
TX → 5A 00 01 02 11 00 0C [EPC_DATA_12_BYTES] [CRC16]
// The reader will:
// 1. Select the tag in its field
// 2. Write the provided EPC data to Bank 01
// 3. Return success/failure notification
// Access password required if tag is locked:
TX → 5A 00 01 02 11 00 10 [ACCESS_PWD_4B] [EPC_DATA_12B] [CRC16]Onlayn EPC Encoder vositasidan foydalaning /tools/tds-rfid-converter SGTIN-96, SSCC-96, GRAI-96 ni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri brauzeringizda kodlash va dekodlash uchun.
Quvvatni boshqarish
O'quvchi uzatish quvvati har bir antenna porti uchun 0 dan 33 dBm gacha sozlanishi. Yuqori quvvat o'qish diapazonini oshiradi, lekin shovqin va quvvat sarfini ham oshiradi.
TX → 5A 00 01 02 01 00 04 1E 1E 1E 1E 67 FE
┌───────────┐
Payload: │1E 1E 1E 1E│
└───────────┘
0x1E = 30 decimal = 30 dBm per port
Power guidelines:
• 33 dBm — Maximum range (~10m), dock doors
• 30 dBm — Standard range (~6-8m), general use
• 25 dBm — Medium range (~3-5m), conveyor belts
• 20 dBm — Short range (~1-2m), point-of-sale
• 15 dBm — Near-field (~0.5m), shelf readersRSSI monitoring
Teglardan olingan RSSI (Qabul qilingan signal kuchi ko'rsatkichi) qiymatlari xom ADC baytlari (0-255) sifatida xabar qilinadi. Aniq dBm qiymatlarini olish uchun konvertatsiya formulasidan foydalaning.
Konvertatsiya formulasi
dBm = -100 + round((raw × 70) / 255)
Raw 128
-65 dBm
Yaxshi
Raw 180
-51 dBm
Kuchli
Raw 220
-40 dBm
A'lo
Yuqori tezlikda inventarizatsiyani skanerlash
Yuqori tezlikda inventarizatsiyani skanerlash uchun ishchi chastotalarni, takroriy teg filtri va uzluksiz skanerlash rejimini sozlang. O'quvchilar optimal konfiguratsiya bilan soniyasiga 700 tagacha tegni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.
Chastotani sozlash
UHF RFID 920-925 MGts diapazonida (Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo) 0,5 MGts kanal oralig'ida ishlaydi. Kanallar 0 (920 MGts) dan 10 (925 MGts) gacha raqamlangan.
TX → 5A 00 01 02 05 00 06 00 02 04 06 08 0A C4 1B
Channel mapping (formula: 920.0 + index × 0.5 MHz):
Ch 0 → 920.0 MHz
Ch 2 → 921.0 MHz
Ch 4 → 922.0 MHz
Ch 6 → 923.0 MHz
Ch 8 → 924.0 MHz
Ch 10 → 925.0 MHzOptimal skanerlash ish oqimi
Antenna portlari va quvvat darajalarini sozlang
Ishchi chastotalarni o'rnating (ziyoda muhitlar uchun FHSS)
Takroriy filtrni sozlang (foydalanish holatiga qarab 500ms-3000ms)
Doimiy inventarizatsiyani boshlash uchun READ_EPC_TAG yuboring
Kelgan tag bildirishnomalarini (PID 0x1231) qayta ishlash
Tugatgandan so'ng STOP_INVENTORY yuboring
// 1. Enable antennas 1-4
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_ANTENNA_ENABLE", [0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
// 2. Set power to 30 dBm on all ports
await sendFrame("CONFIGURE_READER_POWER", [0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E]);
// 3. Set working frequencies
await sendFrame("SET_WORKING_FREQUENCY", [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]);
// 4. Set duplicate filter to 1000ms
await sendFrame("SET_FILTER_SETTINGS", [0x03, 0xE8]);
// 5. Start inventory
await sendFrame("READ_EPC_TAG");
// 6. Process tags...
reader.on("tag", (tag) => {
const rssiDbm = -100 + Math.round((tag.rssi * 70) / 255);
console.log(`EPC: ${tag.epc}, Ant: ${tag.antenna}, RSSI: ${rssiDbm} dBm`);
});
// 7. Stop when done
await sendFrame("STOP_INVENTORY");